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ECG Made Easy(Part-2)

P wave: P wave denotes atrial contraction. Look for P wave in lead II.  Normal P wave measures 2.5mm tall and 3mm wide. Absent P wave with an irregularly irregular rhythm may indicate Atrial Fibrillation. Tall peaked P wave is called P pulmonale and indicates Right Atrial Enlargement. Broad Biflid P wave is called P mitrale and indicates Left Atrial enlargement. Inverted P wave indicates Atrial ectopic If PR interval is less than 3 small boxes, the origin of ectopic is AV node If PR interval is more than 3 small boxes,the origin is elsewhere from the atrium. PR Interval: It is measured between beginning of P wave to beginning of QRS complex. It represents spread of impulse from SA node to the ventricular tissues. It measures about 3-5 small boxes. The significance of PR interval is diagnosis of heart blocks. Heart Blocks: 1st Degree Heart block: Prolonged PR interval more than 5 small boxes indicate 1st degree Heart block. 2nd Degree Heart block:(Mobitz Type 1): This is characteris...
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Identifying Arrhythmias (Part-2)

Tachyarrhythmia: Broadly Tachyarrhythmias are classified based on their origin into two main types. SUPRA VENTRICULAR VENTRICULAR Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmia: As the name implies, the impulse originates above the level of AV node. Sinus Tachycardia: HR more than 100 with upright P wave followed by QRS complex is termed as Sinus Tachycardia. It has a variety of causes and the most probable cause of  each case should be identified. Atrial Fibrillation: Absent P wave with an irregularly irregular rhythm may indicate Atrial fibrillation. The more specific term is Atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response when the HR is more than 100. When the patient is connected to an ECG monitor, You will find the heart rate fluctuating to a wide range from 100-160. Atrial Flutter: Atrial flutter can be easily identified on an ECG from the presence of Flutter waves which gives a saw tooth appearance. The baseline could not be identified. PSVT: When the term Paroxysmal Supraventricular ...
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ECG Made Easy (Part-1)

Of the many advancements in diagnostics, one which has stayed so conservative for a long time is the humble ECG. It just measures the electrical activity of the heart and scribbles it in a piece of paper. But every little detail of the scribbling is so precious, that it gives information like, heart rate, rhythm, conduction defects, enlarged chambers, ischaemia, infarct, etc aiding to arrive at a diagnosis. Another good thing about knowing how to read an ECG is that, You can show off..! Lets discuss how to enlist the findings in an ECG just by glancing at it like a pro..! Quick Basics Recap: Conduction System of Heart ECG:Waves, Segments and Intervals 1) Calibration: The first thing to do while looking at an ECG is make sure the machine is not at fault and is calibrated correctly. The machine automatically performs a calibration every time before a recording, which is usually found somewhere along the left hand side of the ECG. Check if its 2 large boxes tall and 1 large box wide like ...
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