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ECG Made Easy(Part-2)

P wave: P wave denotes atrial contraction. Look for P wave in lead II.  Normal P wave measures 2.5mm tall and 3mm wide. Absent P wave with an irregularly irregular rhythm may indicate Atrial Fibrillation. Tall peaked P wave is called P pulmonale and indicates Right Atrial Enlargement. Broad Biflid P wave is called P mitrale and indicates Left Atrial enlargement. Inverted P wave indicates Atrial ectopic If PR interval is less than 3 small boxes, the origin of ectopic is AV node If PR interval is more than 3 small boxes,the origin is elsewhere from the atrium. PR Interval: It is measured between beginning of P wave to beginning of QRS complex. It represents spread of impulse from SA node to the ventricular tissues. It measures about 3-5 small boxes. The significance of PR interval is diagnosis of heart blocks. Heart Blocks: 1st Degree Heart block: Prolonged PR interval more than 5 small boxes indicate 1st degree Heart block. 2nd Degree Heart block:(Mobitz Type 1): This is characteris...
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ABG Made Easy

Reading an ABG analysis report may be as cumbersome as drawing blood for ABG analysis. We ll help u diagnose the derangement in ABG in a simplistic way without having to depend on the ICU doctor or Consultant. Let's Get Started..! The diagnosis is primarily divided into 3 parts. Acidosis/Alkalosis Metabolic/Respiratory Compensatory Changes First is the pH           <7.35-Acidosis           >7.35-Alkalosis Next is CO2 and HCO3 Quick Fact: CO2 is the Respiratory Component HCO3 is the Metabolic Component PaCO2: Normal Value :35-45 mmHg/ 4.7-6kPa Remember this Golden Rule CO2 is an acidic gas. Its conc is increased in acidosis and decreased in alkalosis. If the above statement is satisfied, then it is Respiratory without any compensation. For example if pH is 7.2- acidosis, so CO2 should be raised, if it is raised, then it is Respiratory Acidosis. If pH is 7.5-alkalosis, CO2 should be low, if it is low, then it is Respiratory alkalosis...
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Never Ever Miss an MI

The one finding on an ECG, which you can never afford to miss, and may cost dear life, if missed is Myocardial Infarction, i.e ST-T changes. Timely diagnosis with the simple ECG, which is cheap and easily available may save precious lives. Lets get started, Never ever to miss an MI. Who needs an ECG: There are many instances where We miss an MI, simply because We did not order for an ECG. Diabetics may not have chest pain, so called silent MI. Inferior wall MI may present with epigastric pain mimicking Peptic Ulcer disease. Its always better to "Make Sure" than to "Be Sure". Following are some instances, where we must order an ECG, Any case with chest discomfort-left sided/crushing/radiating to arm or jaw/associated with sweating/palpitation Sudden onset of pain in the epigastrium Radiating pain in the left arm Profuse Sweating Palpitation/Breathlessness Giddiness/Syncope Hypotension/Hypertension Old age and those with co-morbidities with any of the above symptoms W...
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